Machine Learning – The KGP Chronicle

IIT Kharagpur introduces major curriculum reforms for UG students for the academic year 2024-25

In line with the spirit of National Educational Policy (NEP 2020), IIT Kharagpur introduced several path-breaking reforms in its UG programmes starting from the academic year 2024-25.

1. From the academic year 2024-25, admission to all UG programmes will be for 4-year, B.Tech and B.S levels only. The students will get an opportunity to opt for the 5-year dual degree programmes after 2^nd or 3^rd year of their study. Depending upon their suitability and interest, the students can choose a 5-year dual degree programme in his/her parent department or he/she can also choose the Interdisciplinary Dual Degree Programmes (IDDP) offered by several schools and centres of the Institute. This will also create interesting possibilities such as a B.S (Hons.) in Economics with M.Tech in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning or a B.Tech (Hons.) in Civil Engineering with M.Tech in Financial Engineering etc. These changes will facilitate the students to make informed choice after spending few semesters at IIT Kharagpur for Dual Degree, instead of making the choice before they join the institute.

2. The branch change option at the end of the first year for UG students admitted through JEE (Advanced) is abolished. This is done to reduce the level of stress some students undergo to secure higher grades for branch change and availability of the option. Less than 10% of the students manage to change their branch every year, leaving the remaining 90% students dejected who undergo depression, sometime resulting in serious mental health issues and poor performance in subsequent semesters. The announcement of this new measure has been overwhelmingly welcomed by the existing students as well.

3. The UG students taking admission in 2024 will have the option of earning simultaneously a “Double Major” along with the B.Tech (Hons.) or B.S (Hons.) degree in the departments in which they take admission. The “Double Major” programme will be offered by several departments. Depending upon their interest and aptitude, the students can register for “Double Major” in any discipline after 1^st For example, a student pursuing B.Tech (Hons.) in Mechanical Engineering can opt for a “Double Major” in “Economics” or a student pursuing B.S (Hons.) in Physics can opt for a “Double Major” in “Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering” or “Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning”.

4. IIT Kharagpur will also be introducing the Semester Away Program (SAP) for the undergraduate students from the academic year 2024-25. Under SAP, a UG student can spend one semester either in another reputed national or international institute or industry or research laboratories and earn full credits equivalent to the semester credits. If required, the UG students can also combine their mandatory summer internship of 8-weeks along with the semester long SAP program, thus getting an opportunity to spend almost 8 months in another reputed organization/industries anywhere in the world

5. In addition, the institute also offers the students the possibility of earning a “Minor” or a “Micro-Specialization” in many of the disciplines of their interest. Taking into account the rapid developments in “Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML)” and its huge potential for the nation, studying at least one AI/ML elective will be made mandatory for all the students along with several other electives being offered in areas such as Linguistics, Happiness and Well-Being, Indian Knowledge Systems, Performing Arts etc. The institute also encourages the UG students to attend national and international conferences of repute and make presentations of the research work that they do at IIT Kharagpur by supporting them financially and promoting the creativity of the students through establishment of several Innovation Labs, Do-It-Yourself centres, Tinkering Labs, Tech Clubs etc.

Prof. V K Tewari, Director, IIT Kharagpur remarked, “The Double Major programme is expected to attract a large number of brilliant students to pursue studies in an area of their interest apart from the basic programme in which they take admission. It is hoped that they can do this without much mental stress as they can complete their B.Tech (Hons.)/B.S (Hons.) programme along with Double Major in 4 to 5 years depending upon their course completion plan. Once the branch change is abolished, the first year curriculum need not be common across all branches, and the departments have the opportunity to introduce relevant, department-specific subjects from 1^st year onwards. The students can also get exposure to top organizations in the world through SAP, while the organizations can utilize the talent of the exceptionally brilliant IIT students to solve the challenging problems of the organization/industries. Depending upon the nature of the host organization, the students also have an opportunity of getting Pre-Placement Offers (PPOs) from the organizations along with offers for master’s or doctoral research in national and international universities/institutes.

Media Coverage:

Times of India	Telegraph	Times Now
Indian Express	India Today	The Hindu
Career 360	Digital Learning	Free Press Journal

Times of India

Inputs by: Prof. Maddali Ramgopal, Dean, FoEA & Prof. Arindam Basu, Vice-Chairman, JEE (Advanced), 2024
Email: deanfoea@iitkgp.ac.in; vcjee1@adm.iitkgp.ac.in

Edited By: Poulami Mondal, Digital & Creative Media Executive (Creative Writer)
Email: poulami.mondal@iitkgp.ac.in, media@iitkgp.ac.in, Ph. No.: +91-3222-282007

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IIT Kharagpur launches M.Tech in AI & CPS-PRAYAS

IIT Kharagpur through Centre of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence launches M.Tech in AI through GATE papers Data Analytics, Computer Science, Electronics & Electrical Communication Engineering, and Electrical Engineering. With AI being the the most sensational domains across all sectors including healthcare, legal, and automobile, etc., students are prepared to join the workforce directly or pursue PhD programs for cutting-edge research in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning with excellent job placement opportunities. The M.Tech course curriculum is divided into four semesters. The first two semesters are dedicated to build a strong foundation through ten theory courses, of which four are compulsory. Students can choose six electives from the list of available courses offered by the Centre of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence and some other departments of IIT Kharagpur. The last two semesters are dedicated to project work and internships.

The M.Tech program offers Theory Courses in Foundations of Machine Learning; Algorithmic and Mathematical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence; Deep Learning Foundations and Applications; Artificial Intelligence Foundations and Applications along with Lab Courses in Machine Learning Laboratory; Data Engineering Laboratory and Deep Learning Laboratory. The Elective Courses for the programme comprises of Linear Algebra for AI/ML; Statistical Foundations of AI/ML; Artificial Intelligence for Manufacturing; Artificial Intelligence for Economics; Graph Machine Learning: Foundations and Applications; Visual Computing with AI/ML; Interpretable Machine Learning; AI/ML for Robot Autonomy; Graphical and Generative Models for Machine Learning; Machine Learning for Earth System Sciences; Big Data Processing; Secure and Dependable AI/ML; Knowledge Modeling and Semantic Web Technologies; Advanced Learning Paradigms in AI and Artificial Intelligence for Cyber-Physical Systems etc.

In addition to the coursework, the research spans across various areas in Deep Learning including Reinforcement Learning; Federated Learning; Big Data Technologies; Information Retrieval; Planning & Scheduling; Control & Robotics; Signal Processing; Visual Computing; Natural Language Processing; Graph Machine Learning; AI for Cyber Physical Systems; AI for Agriculture; AI for Climate; Responsible AI; Encrypted ML and Applied Algebra in DL.

Under the aegis of the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS), DST, Government of India, the Innovation Hub, AI4ICPS initiated The Promotion and Acceleration of Young and Aspiring Technology Entrepreneurs (CPS-PRAYAS) which is a one-year on-site Startup Incubation program taken up by AI4ICPS. The program will support two AI/ML Startups at TRL 3-4 to advance to TRL 5 for scaling up and validation in relevant Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) environments. This support system empowers innovators to explore their ideas without the fear of failure, enabling them to advance to a stage where they possess a viable product and are poised to engage with incubators for commercialization.

Who can apply?

The program is open to Young Entrepreneurs in the AI/ML space
The program will not accept ideas that are below TRL 3 or beyond TRL 4
Startup companies are permitted to apply

What is expected from the selected candidates in this 1 year?

During this period the entrepreneurs are expected to work at AI4ICPS on-site maker space take ideas at TRL 3-4 and scale them to TRL 5 with support and guidance from the AI4ICPS Engineering team
The entrepreneurs need to participate in various innovation workshops and training in person
Be coached by the AI4ICPS Business team on Business Modelling, Venture Profiling, Idea pitching, and other business concepts
Interact and network with other Entrepreneurs and build an ecosystem of Startups

What’s in it for you?

A Seed Grant of INR 10 lakhs support at TRL4 to scale to TRL 5
Access to AI4ICPS on-site maker space
Support and guidance from the engineering team of AI4ICPS
Access to the decorated alumni network of IIT Kharagpur
Entrepreneurs will be prepared through business and market training to explore options for securing Ignition Grants and attracting venture capital investments.

What’s after 1 year?

Successful graduates may apply for the CPS Startup Ignition grant
The participants shall be able to apply for other support programs as well, but not participate in any more than one program at a given time.

The centre has also taken up Entreprenuer in Residence, CPS-EIR that will support twenty early-stage AI/ML entrepreneurs per year through a 1-year long fellowship program with on-site residency requirements at the AI4ICPS in IIT Kharagpur Campus. The entrepreneurs will walk in with ideas at TRL; 1-3, and explore and build MVP at TRL 3-4.

Who can apply?

The program is open to young, full-time early-stage entrepreneurs with a passion for innovation but requires handholding to understand the technology space in AI/ML and Cyber Physical Systems
The program will not accept ideas that are mature beyond TRL3
Startup companies are not permitted to apply

What is expected from the selected candidates in this 1 year?

During this period the entrepreneurs are expected to explore and build an MVP at TRL3-4 with help and guidance from the AI4ICPS incubation facility
The entrepreneurs will also learn about the nuances of Deep Tech development using AI/ML and participate in the various innovation workshops at AI4ICPS
Interact and network with other entrepreneurs and build a community of entrepreneurs

What’s in it for you?

A stipend of up to INR 30,000 per month for a period of 1 year
Guidance from Industry Professionals, VCs, Startup founders, and faculties of IIT Kharagpur who are connected with AI4ICPS
Opportunity to work at the esteemed IIT Kharagpur campus and be at the heart of AI Innovation in India.

What’s after 1 year?

Once the MVP is built, the entrepreneurs can apply to onboard on the CPS-PRAYAS program or for the CPS Startup Ignition Grant for further scaling and growth
The participants shall be able to apply for other support programs as well, but not participate in any more than one program at a given time

The IIT Kharagpur AI4ICPS Hub Foundation in collaboration with TCS iON, organized the online certification course “Hands-on AI for real-world applications (HAAI)” from September 2, 2023, to December 2, 2023. Top 200 performers from this course received a Certificate of Merit (CoM) on March 16, 2024 in the presence of Prof. V K Tewari, Honorable Chairman of AI4ICPS and Director of IIT Kharagpur; Prof. Rintu Banerjee, Dean, R&D; Prof. Niloy Ganguly, Project Director of AI4ICPS; Prof. Pabitra Mitra, Joint Project Director of AI4ICPS; Mr. Dipyaman Banerjee, CEO of AI4ICPS and Ms. Aditi Srivastava, Program Manager of TCS iON. Mr. Sabyasachi Mukhopadhyay, Research Scholar, IIT Kharagpur, who worked as the skill development manager for cohort 1 of HAAI program was also the host of the program.

The dignitaries highlighted the importance of industry-oriented courses and future collaboration with TCS iON to launch more such courses in these directions so that employbility in these domains can see an upsurge. Project Director, Prof. Niloy Ganguly, and Joint Project Director, Prof. Pabitra Mitra, mentioned the learning from the feedback of participants in cohort 1 and lauded the efforts of the persons involved in successful completion of the course. Ms. Aditi Srivastava, Program Manager of TCS iON, shared the success story of cohort 1 briefly with the people present in the programme. Mr. Dipyaman Banerjee, CEO of AI4ICPS, delivered the vote of thanks and mentioned that after receiving overwhelming responses in the 1st cohort, AI4ICPS will launch the 2nd cohort of the HAAI program in collaboration with TCS iON on 1st June 2024.

Media Coverage:

Times of India	Indian Express	Telegraph
India Today	The Statesman	DQ India
Hindustan Times	CRN

Inputs by: Prof. Niloy Ganguli, Project Director & Prof. Pabitra Mitra, Joint Project Director of AI4ICPSEmail: pd@ai4icps.in ; pabitra@gmail.com

By: Poulami Mondal, Digital & Creative Media Executive (Creative Writer)
Email: poulami.mondal@iitkgp.ac.in, media@iitkgp.ac.in, Ph. No.: +91-3222-282007

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International Workshop on Biodiversity & Climate Change

We are the first generation to feel the impact of climate change and we are the last generation that can do something about it. We only get one home, one planet, there is no plan B. The climate has changed, we have changed, our tolerance and habits have changed. Biodiversity is our most valuable asset but least appreciated resource. Despite our many advances, our environment is still threatened by a range of problems including global climate change, energy dependency on unsustainable fossil fuels and loss of biodiversity. Therefore, there is a need to create an awareness about maintaining ecology among the masses and address the graving concerns that pose a threat to the natural habit of human beings.

On the lines of creating awareness about biodiversity and climate change, the 3^rd International Workshop on Biodiversity and Climate Change (BDCC-2023) was organized by the Centre for Ocean, River, Atmosphere, and Land Sciences (CORAL) at Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur on the rising diminishment over ecological disruptions. The four-day programme including field trips to Sundarbans and Similipal Biosphere Reserve was attended by over 230 participants who arrived at the IIT Kharagpur campus on 15^th February. The Inaugural session was organized at Kalidas Auditorium on 17^th February 2023 in the august presence by eminent Professors and Scientists comprising of Dr. M Mohapatra, Director General of Meteorology, IMD; Prof. V K Tewari, Director, IIT Kharagpur; Prof. V P Singh, Texas A&M University, USA; Dr. S Behera, Director of Application Laboratory, JAMSTEC, Japan; Prof. B Pani, Dean of Colleges, University of Delhi; Dr. T Meloth, Director, NCPOR, MoES; Prof. S K Dube, Former Director, IIT Kharagpur; Prof. K Kumar, Chairman CORAL and Prof. M D Behera, Organizing Secretary BDCC – 2023.

Prof. K Kumar, Chairman of BDCC-2023 welcomed the delegates on the dias, followed by lighting of the auspicious lamp by Dr. M Mohapatra and Prof V K Tewari in the presence of other dignitaries followed by a recitation of national anthem by a few students from Kendriya Vidyalaya, IIT Kharagpur. Dr. M D Behera, the Organizing Secretary provided an overview of the event with connection to the past two BDCC workshops and highlighted on the GOI Net Zero targets and nature-based climate solutions.

Prof. V K Tewari, Director, IIT Kharagpur remarked, “If we look at the nature closely, every species is a masterpiece, exquisitely adapted to the particular environment in which it has has survived. I feel honored and proud to witness the 3rd International Workshop on Biodiversity and Climate Change (BDCC-2023) organized by CORAL at IIT Kharagpur. Biodiversity forms the backbone of any Nation’s prosperity and development. India is bestowed with immense biological wealth in its different habitats and they provide various ecosystem services like carbon sequestration, food provision etc. However, with climate change crisis exacerbating biodiversity losses and shifts in ecosystems dynamics, it is the need of the hour to adopt multifaceted mitigation and adaptation measures for ecosystem restoration and sustainable development.”

Prof. S K Dube deliberated on the genesis of CORAL and its journey in the frontier era of climate change education and research. Prof. B Pani explained the compliance of the National Education Policy with climate studies, while Dr. T Meloth appraised on climate change footprints on the 3^rd pole. Dr. S Behera emphasized on the prediction of monsoon and its impact on the economy in terms of crop yield and diseases like malaria. Prof. V P Singh highlighted the importance of water resources and its conservation in the era of changing climate. A pheno-meteorological observation tower installed in Similipal Biosphere Reserve was e-inaugurated by Dr. M Mohapatra in presence of Prof. V K Tewari; Dr. B K Bhattacharya and Dr. C P Singh, Scientists from Space Application Centre (SAC-ISRO), Ahmedabad.

The workshop started with four tutorials including (i) Species Distribution Modelling (SDM) using Machine Learning (ML), (ii) Soft Techniques in Environmental Geochemistry and Sediment Analysis, (iii) Geomatics and Data Analytics using Open Source – Google Earth Engine (GEE), and (iv) A Hierarchy of Glacier Models on 16^th February with hands-on training by the Research Scholars of CORAL. Participants including students and young scientists from various international, national, and state institutes also attended the tutorials.

India is a very committed towards tackling the effects of climate change and has promoted and enacted various initiatives. India has tapped the potential of nature-based solutions to achieve net zero targets and uphold its commitment to the Paris Agreement. India’s commitment towards achieving Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) of creating an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents through additional forest and tree cover, Mission LiFE, Honourable Prime Minister’s ‘Panchamrit’ or five-fold declarations project our stance for circular and sustainable economic development,” remarked Prof. V K Tewari, Director, IIT Kharagpur.

The workshop accommodated seven technical sessions such as Biodiversity and Land Cover Dynamics; Geomatics and Data Analytics; Forest and Agricultural Resource & Biotechnology; Extreme Weather Events and Natural Hazards; Global Cryosphere and The Himalayas; Biogeochemistry- Terrestrial and Marine; Nature-based Solution and Net-Zero Targets. The technical sessions were conducted in parallel in three halls with three keynote talks in each technical session by eminent scientists, who also co-chaired the sessions.

The first plenary session was chaired by Prof V P Singh, wherein Dr. M Mohapatra, Mr. D Ray, PCCF and CWLW, WB state and Dr. S Behera talked on ‘Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events’, ‘Climate threats to Sunderbans Mangroves’ and ‘Monsoon Climate and Food Security’ respectively. The plenary session-II was chaired by Prof B Pani, wherein Dr. E Sharma, Ex-DDG, ICIMOD and Dr. T Meloth and Dr. C Biradar, Country Director, CIFOR-ICRAF, Delhi talked on ‘Himalayan responses to changing climate’, ‘Climatic responses of polar regions’, and ‘Agroforestry interventions towards food security in the warming world’. The plenary session-III was chaired by Prof. S K Dube, wherein Dr. S Nayak, Former Secretary MOES, GOI); Dr. A Orr, British Antarctic Survey, UK; Dr. D H Bromwich, Ohio State University, USA and Dr. Kyle Clem, Victoria University of Wellington, NZ, deliberated on a wide range of topics with respect to climate actions in different spheres.

“All these key policy decisions and initiatives clearly demonstrate that our efforts for climate change mitigation should begin at the grassroot level starting from an individual and become unified as a massive wave for the common goal of preserving our planet. Being blessed with lush green campus, our staff and students of IIT Kharagpur have a plethora of opportunities to create a better world. We are proud to have undertaken different projects to enhance and maintain IIT-KGP campus a green campus. With our vision being – Dedicated to the service of the Nation, we seek to impart value based knowledge in addition to academic curriculum to our students in order to transform them into future leaders of tomorrow. This International workshop is a critical step in that direction which combines both traditional as well as modern fields of science. I congratulate Dr. Mukunda Dev Behera and the entire team for organizing this great event. I strongly encourage the researchers and participants to take full advantage of this workshop,”

stated Prof. V K Tewari.

The keynote talks of each technical session were oriented towards sustainable development perspectives. The participants presented their works in terms of rapid-oral and standard-oral as per specific format and allotted time. A few awards were adjudged from each session by the session co-chairs and the awardees were given a certificate and momento in the Valedictory session on 18^th Feb 2023. Field trips to Sunderbans and Siilipal Biosphere Reserve on 19^th and 20^th February. Several deliberations in the event have led to better understanding of how can we better understand feedbacks between climate change and biodiversity, how do we maintain a balance between bioresource management and socio-economic development, how do cryospheric changes in polar regions and high mountains affect biodiversity, water cycle and global climate etc. Forecasting and preparing for natural hazards and extreme weather events, understanding the intricacies between terrestrial and marine bio-geochemical cycles, geomatics perspective on spatial biodiversity and ways to achieve the net-zero targets through nature-based solutions were among the other topics of discussion.

Healthy ecosystems constitute healthy planet. In this connection, ecosystem restoration is a win-win strategy that is crucial to attain Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and climate targets of the Paris Agreement. The on-going climate change is unequivocally anthropogenic and together with other stressors like deforestation, land degradation, biological invasion, etc. has resulted in species losses and shifts in landscape dynamics. The carbon cycle and the water cycle, arguably the two most important large-scale processes for life on Earth, depend on biodiversity at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels and can yield feedbacks to climate change.

Inputs by: Prof. M D Behera, CORAL, IIT Kharagpur
Email: mdbehera@coral.iitkgp.ac.in

Edited by : Poulami Mondal, Digital & Creative Media Executive (Creative Writer)
Email: poulami.mondal@iitkgp.ac.in, media@iitkgp.ac.in, Ph. No.: +91-3222-282007

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Prediction of Crystal Properties through AI assisted Machine Learning – CrysXPP

Hearing the word crystals, people commonly recognize it to be a shiny material associated with a part of jewellery considering their shapes of flat faces with sharp angles. In actuality, crystalline materials have a much wider range of applications, for example in laser technology, optics, high-energy physics, biomedical technology and light-emitting diodes. Each area of application requires a specific type of material. New crystalline materials are constantly being tested to determine whether they have the desired properties. A crystal is scientifically defined by its microscopic atomic arrangement, not its macroscopic shape. Its crystallographic forms are sets of possible faces of the crystal that are related by one of the symmetries of the crystal. For example, crystals of galena often take the shape of cubes, and the six faces of the cube belong to a crystallographic form that displays one of the symmetries of the isometric crystal system. The visible external shape of a crystal is determined by its structure, the specific crystal chemistry, bonding and the conditions under which the crystal formed. The symmetry of crystal is constrained by the requirement that the unit cells stack perfectly with no gaps. There are 219 possible crystal symmetries called crystallographic space groups.

Until now, crystalline materials have been difficult to test on a large scale and to find suitable materials. Determining the electronic, magnetic and elastic properties of a crystal is often time-consuming, expensive and calculation-intensive as it requires extensive experimentation.

To solve both the problem of costly experiments and of computing-intensive theoretical estimation, researchers at IIT Kharagpur in collaboration with the Indo-Korea Science and Technology Center (IKST) have now developed a method called CrysXPP to predict the properties of crystalline materials through machine learning as a popular alternative. Machine learning algorithms are data-intensive. It involves a large amount of data from the source materials which are labelled with property labels to accurately predict properties of new crystals. With these shortcomings in mind, CrysXPP was developed, as a machine learning system that enables rapid prediction of various material properties with high precision.

Professor Niloy Ganguly
Computer Science & Engineering
IIT Kharagpur

Prof Niloy Ganguly, Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Kharagpur and Visiting Professor at L3S Research Centre, Germany stated that, “The published work addresses the important problem of sparse and opaque data, which are the main obstacles in predicting the properties of crystals quickly and accurately.”

While property-laden data is scarce, the simple structural information of crystals is abundant. CrysXPP takes advantage of this because the individual atoms and their interconnections in the crystal structure are also responsible for the specific properties of the crystal. IIT KGP Chronicle entails into a generic chat with Associate Professor Pawan Goyal, Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Kharagpur and fellow researcher of this study to expedite their findings.

Prof Pawan Goyal, Associate Professor
Computer Science & Engineering
IIT Kharagpur

Q. What is the aim of this research? Can you elaborate on the general impact of AI and deep learning on Computational Material Science?

Crystalline materials have a wide range of applications, for example in laser technology, optics, high-energy physics, biomedical technology or light-emitting diodes. Each area of application requires a specific type of crystalline material. New crystalline materials are constantly being tested to determine whether they have the desired properties.

Ascertaining a crystal’s properties, such as the Electronic Band Gap, Formation Energy, Magnetic Moments and so on, is often time-consuming and expensive because it necessitates extensive experimentation. Therefore, such a process is not scalable when one desires to scan through thousands of crystals to determine the most desirable crystal material suitable for a particular task. A second-best method is, instead of doing explicit experimentation, the properties are calculated with reasonable accuracy through a theoretical manner such as Density Functional Theory popularly known as DFT. However, this process is computationally heavy. To tackle both the problems of costly experimentation and theoretical estimation via heavy simulations, Machine Learning (ML) methods are increasingly becoming a popular alternative. Machine Learning methods are fast and do not involve costly calculations. But the problem with machine learning algorithms are, they are data intensive that require to be trained with a large amount of property-tagged data of stock materials to make accurate property predictions of new crystals. Such property-tagged data is not available sufficiently. Moreover, whatever is available is not experimentally derived property rather theoretically (DFT) calculated, hence training with theoretically derived data can lead to biases and inaccuracies within the system.

To overcome these limitations, researchers at IIT Kharagpur and Indo-Korea Science and Technology Centre (IKST), Bangalore have proposed CrysXPP, a new method to predict the properties of crystalline materials through machine learning. The result was recently published in the NPJ Computational Materials, a journal of the prestigious Nature Publishing Group.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41524-022-00716-8

Q. What significant impact has been created by this research and further what is expected out of it?

CrysXPP is a machine learning (deep-learning) framework which allows rapid prediction of different properties of materials with high precision. We know that while property-tagged data is sparse, the simple structural information of the crystals is available in abundance. Also the atomic properties of each atom in the crystal and their interconnection in the crystal structure, are responsible for specific properties of the crystal. CrysXPP converts such crystal 3D structure information into 2D graphs and initially learns their structural properties. Then it is trained with the small amount of property-tagged available data. The two-stage training successfully helps in circumventing the problem of the sparsity of property-tagged data, the first stage helps in capturing all their important structural and chemical information and due to this only a small amount of tagged data for property prediction becomes good enough to give an accurate prediction. The performance even overcomes the hindrance of being trained with datasets that have some inaccuracies due to limitations of DFT.

Another important shortcoming of ML models in general is interpretability, it generally fails in providing reasons behind the manifestation of certain crystalline properties, thus making its usage unattractive and unconvincing to practitioners. CrysXPP incorporates a feature selector in its design which acts as a switch pinpointing the exact features of the constituent atoms responsible behind the crystal expressing a particular (range of value) property.

To summarize it, this paper published in the prestigious nature-group journal addresses the important problem of data sparsity and opaqueness which are the main obstacles in predicting the properties of crystals quickly and accurately.

Q. What is the future of this study? What are your other major projects at present?

At the core of the innovation, there is a deep-learning based autoencoder to incorporate the structural information of a lot of materials, which can transfer knowledge to an explainable property predictor. We are planning to undertake a larger-scale study using more materials. We are also planning to use the predictor as a reward function to accelerate the generation of new materials.

Contact: Niloy Ganguli, Professor, Computer Science; Email – niloy@cse.iitkgp.ac.in & Prof. Pawan Goyal, Associate Professor, Computer Science & Engineering; Email – pawang@cse.iitkgp.ac.in

Content Writer:- Poulami Mondal, Digital & Creative Media Executive (Creative Writer)
Email: poulami.mondal@iitkgp.ac.in, media@iitkgp.ac.in, Ph. No.: +91-3222-282007

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Forbes 30 Under 30 – Alumnus Prof. Srijan Kumar

IIT Kharagpur alumnus, Prof. Srijan Kumar has been included in Forbes 30 under 30 in Science,
Class of 2022!

Prof. Kumar is an Assistant Professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He is a specialist in
AI, ML, and Data Science. In his attempt to make the internet a safer place he is involved in
developing Data Science and Machine Learning solutions to combat fraudsters, trolls, and other
malicious entities. His research has influenced Twitter’s Birdwatch platform. It is also
implemented by Flipkart.

An alumnus of the 2013 batch from the Computer Science and Engineering Department of the
Institute, Prof. Kumar went on to pursue his Masters and a Ph.D. from the University of
Maryland, College Park.

He said that he is ever grateful to the teachers at the Computer Science Department. He specially
conveyed his gratitude to his mentor Prof. Partha Pratim Chakrabarti. He also thanked Prof. Niloy
Ganguly and Prof. Animesh Mukherjee for introducing him to Machine Learning and Data
Science.

Content Writer:- Arkaprabha Pal, Office of Alumni Affairs & Branding

Email: pal18arkaprabha@gmail.com

Making Sanskrit Accessible through AI-based Text Processing

Researchers at IIT Kharagpur are making Sanskrit accessible with their Artificial Intelligence-based system for processing Sanskrit texts

There has been a renewed interest in Sanskrit since the announcement of NEP 2020. Various academic institutions both at school education as well as higher education are adopting various approaches for improving the reach of the language through training programs, research and outreach initiatives. While various digital resources have improved the accessibility and use of world languages and even regional languages, Sanskrit presents unique challenges in automated computational processing. In addition to the sheer volume and diversity, both stylistic and chronological, found in these texts, the linguistic peculiarities expressed by the language, pose several challenges in making these works accessible to the world.

Research group led by Dr. Pawan Goyal have developed a digital infrastructure for the efficient processing of Sanskrit texts, by effectively combining state-of-the-art machine learning techniques and traditional linguistic knowledge from Sanskrit. The proposed framework is based on Energy-based models and it enables the encoding of relevant linguistic information as constraints.

“Processing of Sanskrit texts poses several challenges owing to the high lexical productivity of the words, free word order in poetry, euphonic assimilation of sounds at the word boundaries and phonemic orthography followed in writing. Keeping these in mind, we proposed a generic graph-based framework that takes advantage of the free word order nature of the language. Further, we make use of linguistic insights from the traditional Sanskrit grammar for learning the feature function and applying the relevant constraints.” explained Dr. Goyal.

He further adds, “Our proposed framework substantially reduces the training data requirements to as low as 10%, as compared to that of the neural state-of-the-art models. In all the Sanskrit-related tasks discussed in the work, we either achieve state-of-the-art results or ours is the only data-driven solution for those tasks.”

This work is accepted for publication in the Computational Linguistics journal published by the MIT Press. This work has been carried by research scholar Dr. Amrith Krishna [Tweet @krishnamrith12], currently, a postdoc at the University of Cambridge, supervised by Dr. Pawan Goyal. The paper currently addresses the tasks of word segmentation (संधि विच्छेद), morphological parsing (पद विश्लेषण), dependency parsing (कारक विश्लेषण) and poetry to prose conversion of Sanskrit text (अन्वय). The team is now actively collaborating with several external research groups to extend the application of the proposed system for automatic speech recognition and question-answering in Sanskrit.

The classical language has a rich literary tradition spanning more than 2 millennia that encapsulates the cultural ethos of this civilizational nation. Works in Sanskrit, numbering more than 30 million extant manuscripts, include extensive epics, subtle and intricate philosophical, mathematical, and scientific treatises, and rich literary, poetic, and dramatic texts. The proposed AI-based system, used in conjunction with interactive tools such as the Sanskrit Heritage reader, can aid the users in the easier analysis of these manuscripts with word-by-word analysis and translation, the relation between words, poetry to prose conversion, search and question answering, etc.

Graphic by Suman Sutradhar

For more information contact Prof. Pawan Goyal at pawang@cse.iitkgp.ac.in or Dr. Amrith Krishna [Face: amrith.krishna, Tweet @krishnamrith12]

Media Coverage:

Online Workshop on Accelerated Data Science

The Centre for Computational and Data Science at IIT Kharagpur is organizing an Online Workshop on Accelerated Data Science in collaboration with NVIDIA Corporation, India and National Supercomputing Mission, C-DAC, Government of India, from February 21-22, 2021.

In the workshop, the state-of-art theory and technologies for accelerated machine learning, as well as deep learning algorithms, will be covered. Also, the fundamentals of GPU computing with an emphasis on machine learning and deep learning algorithms will be presented. Further, several technologies and platforms for GPU acceleration of these algorithms will be elaborated.

Topic List:

Day 1:

Fundamentals of GPU Architecture & CUDA
Introduction to Accelerated Data Science: RAPIDS
Introduction to Machine Learning Algorithms
Case Study/Hands-on: Solving and Benchmarking End to End Data Science Problem using RAPIDS

Day 2:

Introduction to Deep Neural Network & Deep Learning
NVIDIA CUDA-X Platform Overview: Accelerated Computing for Deep Neural Networks
Accelerating and Scaling Deep Neural Networks using DALI, Mixed Precision and Multi-GPU Scaling
Optimizing and Deployment of Neural Networks using TensorRT & Triton Inference Server

Faculty members, Research Students, Advanced Masters and Undergraduate Students, Industry Professionals can Register for Free Registration Link: https://forms.gle/YKxv4iWbBbeZW8Pw8

Last Date of Registration: February 18, 2021

Mode of Conduction: The workshop will be held online using MS Teams.

AI4ICPS Setting Pace for India’s Transition to Smart Industry Hub

IIT Kharagpur is all set to transform the nation’s industrial sector with scalable application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) under the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS). The Institute has recently set up a special purpose vehicle, the IIT Kharagpur AI4ICPS I Hub Foundation for translation of academic research at the proof of concept level to industrially scalable products and processes, focused on AI interventions to CPS.

“While research has been happening in AI&ML for decades, mostly limited to software with limited inclusion in consumer goods and daily used gadgets; graduating innovation to technology readiness for industrial production is crucial. The Hub is envisioned to be a unique establishment in the country to undertake a diverse spectrum of activities linking academic research to the industry through an inclusive co-working partnership, towards the common goal of unlocking the $500 billion contributions to India’s GDP expected from Data and AI by 2025,” remarked Principal Investigator Dr. Debdoot Sheet, Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering and the Centre of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence.

The mandate at AI4ICPS is to transition research from Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 3 to TRL 7, which means enabling the translation of academic research resulting in pre-/prototypes of AI&ML interventions in CPS to scalability ready products and processes for industry. The Institute received a grant of ₹ 170 crore from the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India under the NM-ICPS to set up the infrastructure and undertake the related research and training programs.

“We are also committed to promote fundamental research in TRL 1 to TRL 3 and foster the creation of startups to scale production for their off-shelf market availability, an activity beyond TRL 7 and ranging upto TRL 9,” added Dr. Sheet.

The Hub will further develop critical infrastructure for the Nation, an AI Cloud for CPS, a National Knowledge Portal for training human resources on the future-ready AI technology for CPS.

“The host of Digital Twins like tractors and farm machines, 3D printing technology, structural health and road traffic, wastewater engineering, energy-efficient buildings, next-gen wireless communication, human physiology and in-silico disease models are to name a few of the 32 technologies to be developed by the PEG at the Hub,” said Dr. Ashish Ranjan Hota, Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering.

The R&D work will span over core research in algorithms, methods, explainability, trust and safety of AI&ML, enabling technologies like machine vision, speech, natural language processing (NLP), text analytics, augmented and virtual reality, technology for the internet of things (IoT), and also application of AI&ML technologies in a diverse range of industry verticals including (i) healthcare, (ii) precision agriculture and nutritional security, (iii) manufacturing, (iv) transportation, (v) environment and pollution, (vi) infrastructure and energy, (vii) education, (viii) judiciary and legal, and (ix) communication.

“IIT Kharagpur is a pioneer in AI education and research with more than a hundred faculty members working in theory and methods of AI and its applications across various disciplines. This Hub will create a multidimensional ecosystem to foster innovation and commercialization of AI&ML interventions to ICPS spanning across several sectors along with facilitation of new knowledge creation, upskilling human resources, entrepreneurship and job creation,” said Director, Prof. Virendra K Tewari.

Recruitment is currently underway for leadership and engineering roles including CEO, CXOs, Engineering Managers to drive the pace at the Hub.

“AI4ICPS will have an in-house product engineering group, dedicated team of professionals to support technology commercialization and startup creation, and is looking to support more than 100 research fellows, postdoctoral researchers and early career academics over the next five years, to fulfil its mandate of promoting enterprises to add over 13,000 jobs in CPS,” said Dr. Ashish Ranjan Hota.

With research and new knowledge generation, the upskilling of human resources capable of meeting the demands of AI-powered industrial sectors is also on the chart.

“A mechanism of wide-scale training on AI technologies, not just for current graduates, but also for industry professionals is the need of the hour, to adapt to the rapidly evolving landscape of traditional industry imbibing AI into CPS. We need to train human resources across the spectrum of engineering, starting at diploma graduates, for the adoption of AI in CPS; and focus on building scalable technology with AI to enable wide-scale pedagogical reach out of AI for CPS,” added Prof. Sudeshna Sarkar from the Department of Computer Science & Engineering and Head of the Centre of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence.

Incubating startups to facilitate technology production and job creation will be another thrust area, with programs to support innovation promotion starting with student challenges, gradually maturing them with linked investments like ignition and seed support. The Hub programs on incubation and innovation acceleration will also offer business development training and handholding to technologists aspiring to be entrepreneurs in AI&ML technologies. Technology Certiﬁcation and Audit services for AI&ML intervention to ICPS, and their safety and veriﬁcation shall also be provided at AI4ICPS as first of its kind offering within the country.

“The host of live testbeds of CPS made available via cloud will improve real time collaborations between academia and industry. We look forward to spin off cloud connected machines of the future, across sectors ranging from agriculture to heavy machinery,” added Dr. Rajendra Machavaram, Assistant Professor with the Department of Agricultural & Food Engineering.

Prof. Surjya Pal from the Department of Mechanical Engineering & the Centre of Excellence in Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, who is associated with Hub mentioned his recent AI-based innovations of friction stir welding technology in collaboration with TCS and real-time metrological inspection which are significant steps in India’s journey towards Industry 4.0.

“Such AI-based innovations are the way forward for high-quality affordable products by means of minimizing production losses, production time and human intervention,” he said.

Over 80 Faculty members from diverse disciplines of the Institute in driving the Hub’s establishment. Their R&D work will have close collaboration with over 50 companies and PSUs who are engaging early on, scouting for potential technologies. Research collaborations are also being discussed with over 30 global research partners towards furthering the objective of a unifying effort to converge the world in building AI for industries of the future across sectors ranging from agriculture to heavy machinery.

About AI 4 ICPS

AI4ICPS is a special purpose vehicle instituted for translation of academic research, generally available at proof of concept level to industrially scalable products and processes for Cyber-Physical Systems. Focus is on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies applied across industry sectors like healthcare, precision agriculture and nutritional security, manufacturing, transportation, environment and pollution, infrastructure and energy, education, judiciary and legal, and communication. AI4ICPS engages in innovation translation through the Industry-Academia-Hub co-working product engineering group (PEG), and beyond it also promotes human resources and skill development for making available trained manpower for industry adopting such new technologies, promote entrepreneurship among the youth to facilitate new venture creation for technology production and new job creation, and collaborate with renowned groups to complement technology development through international cooperative research programs. The IIT KHARAGPUR AI4ICPS I HUB FOUNDATION is established as a Section 8 company with an assured investment of Rs. 170 crores by the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS) of the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. The hub closely collaborates with 25 other hubs across the country for building a salubrious ecosystem for CPS industry in the country.

For more information visit www.ai4icps.in

Media Coverage:

Hindustan Times	EdEx	Yahoo News
Analytics India	India Blooms	ABP Education
Outlook	The Week	NDTV
Dainik Jagran

Contact:

For project information: Prof. Debdoot Sheet, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering and Centre of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence

Principal Investigator, AI 4 ICPS – Technology Innovation Hub on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems

Email: debdoot@ee.iitkgp.ac.in, project-director@ai4icps.in

For media queries:

Shreyoshi Ghosh, Executive Officer (Media & Communication), E: shreyoshi@adm.iitkgp.ac.in | shreyoshi.iitkgp@gmail.com

Follow us on social media: Facebook:@IITKgp | Twitter: @IITKgp | Instagram: @iit.kgp

New AI Diagnostics for Lung Diseases

AI and IoT based Diagnostic Device for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases developed by IIT Kharagpur

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease caused by exposure to harmful gases and particulate matters, with a high health burden on the country’s healthcare services and society. For long, the medical community has been depending on patient history and clinical symptoms for disease diagnosis, which often prevents early detection of the disease and advancing of the disease adds to the medical bill through frequent hospitalizations.

Researchers at IIT Kharagpur have developed an affordable diagnostic intervention for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease based on the internet-of-things medical devices (IoT-MD) integrated with AI. [Download Journal Paper]

At the Organic Electronics Laboratory (ORELA), Department of Physics, IIT Kharagpur, Prof. Dipak Kumar Goswami and his research team have developed SenFlex.T, a smart mask synced with an android monitoring app through Bluetooth, that can continuously monitor breathing patterns, rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation level in blood. The app is connected to a cloud computing server, where artificial intelligence (AI) has been implemented to predict the severity of COPD through machine learning (ML).

“SenFlex.T can be used at home by patients without having to visit diagnostic centres as against the current practice. This will also address the critical issue of addressing COPD at an early stage and by means of advanced healthcare technology, a boon for both patients and the overall healthcare system,” explained Prof. Goswami.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease has been a top cause of death, second to only deaths due to heart diseases. In 2017 it claimed about 1 million lives in India. In October 2019, health experts, at a medical convention, confirmed that COPD claims more lives than AIDS, TB, Malaria, Diabetes all put together. The threat from COPD has become more acute under the COVID situation, with increased comorbidity rates. A recent survey confirmed that the severity and mortality rates among COPD patients to be affected by the COVID-19 virus are over 63%. Moreover, the patients affected in the COVID-19 virus, which is right now over 4 million people in India and 27 million in the world, are more susceptible to build up various lung disorder-related diseases like COPD, Asthma etc.

“It was crucial for health-tech researchers to develop a diagnostic intervention for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Spirometry, the gold standard test to diagnose obstructive airway diseases like asthma and COPD, is often avoided due to the unavailability of the equipment, difficulty in data interpretation and the cost of the tests. This challenge and the criticality strongly motivated us to develop an AI-based system, that can overcome the problem of interpreting the results and be accessible not only for the doctors but also for the patients,” said Prof. Goswami.

SenFlex.T smart mask contains a highly sensitive, flexible temperature sensor along with a Bluetooth based measuring electronics. The sensor system can continuously monitor the temperature changes of inhaled and exhaled air during breathing and record the breathing pattern. The temperature sensor has a resolution of 4.3 mK and about 25 ms response time. Further, a commercially available pulse oximeter has been integrated with the sensor system to monitor the oxygen saturation level during breathing.

The patient data is uploaded automatically to the cloud server through the mobile app (SenFlex), where it is processed by means of AIML, and reports made available on the app and for doctors’ consultation.

The innovation has been reported in the international journal ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces [Download Paper]. The researchers have also filed a patent for the innovation and are ready for commercialization. The product cost has been estimated at about ₹ 2,500/-.

Cite Paper: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 4, 4193–4202

Publication Date:December 31, 2018

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b19051

Media Coverage:

News 18	Careers 360	Economic Times Healthworld
Outlook	Gadgets Now	BioSpectrum
	The Week

Project Information: Prof. Dipak Goswami, dipak@phy.iitkgp.ac.in;

Institute Information: Prof. B N Singh, Registrar, registrar@hijli.iitkgp.ac.in;

Media Outreach: Shreyoshi Ghosh, shreyoshi@adm.iitkgp.ac.in

Eat, pray, love Artificial Intelligence

In one of the most impressive student events organized at IIT Kharagpur, teachers, students, industry experts came together to talk Artificial Intelligence.

Spelled up.AI and pronounced “Upay” or ‘solution’ in Hindi, the up.AI summit from October 5-7 tried to delve into the problems – illiteracy, hunger, disease, natural disasters – and how AI can be used to solve them. Up.AI was organized by the Computer Science and Engineering Department of IIT Kharagpur and its newly established Centre of Excellence for Artificial Intelligence.

The meet not only focused on the thematic areas of AI, but also its practical applications. Speakers, – teachers, industry heads, entrepreneurs and researchers – gave demonstrations of how AI was being used in their respective fields – be it retail, banking, healthcare, transport or education. Ms Swapna Agarwal, part of the Research and Innovation team of TCS in Kolkata, for example introduced the audience to her work in computer vision with specific emphasis on 3D point-cloud registration. A team associated with a top bank showed how AI was being used in risk analysis and assessing the credibility of start-ups. Mr Malaikannan Sankarasubbu, Vice-President, AI Research @Saama Technologies, explained how AI was being used in clinical trials, especially those of medicines. Mr Shailesh Kumar, Chief Data Scientist, Jio CoE in AI, showed how AI can revolutionize education (The most unique of the applications that Mr Kumar described was how AI could be used to teach students the art of thinking).

Prof. Plaban Kumar Bhowmick, Assistant Professor, Centre for Educational Technology explained how AI was being used extensively by IIT Kharagpur in the National Digital Library. Prof. Mrigank Sharad, Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering of IIT Kharagpur, and Director and CPO of AgNext, an IIT KGP startup, showed how AI is being used in crop-screening and in data-driven precision farming. Mr Rupak Kumar Thakur, Deep Learning Engineer at AgricX Lab, explained how his lab is using deep learning based computer vision algorithms to do quality assessment and standardization of agricultural produce with a focus on potato.

The audience at the up.AI summit not only included senior students at IIT Kharagpur who are already working on AI but also students from the first and second year. The message that went out to them from the speakers was simple. One, that India stands to benefit from AI in a big way. Professor Pallab Dasgupta of the Computer Science and Engineering Department and Dean, Sponsored Research and Consultancy, pointed out that just like IT had proved to be one of the wealth creators for India, AI would be equally beneficial for India, given that the country already had a lot going for it by way of digital penetration, its huge talent pool, and its proven ability to scale up new technology.

The other message that went out to the young audience was that instead of exploiting the hype around AI, they had to innovate and “create”. Mr Subrat Panda, Head of AI and Data Sciences at Capillary Technologies, clearly made that point during his virtual class from Bengaluru. Dr. Suryanil Ghosh, Chairman, TotalStart Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Developers, reminded students that they need to engage in interdisciplinary research since “The AI revolution in India will be driven by interdisciplinary collaboration in research.”

The point was reiterated during the panel discussion, which also highlighted several other problem areas. The panel included faculty, students as well as experts like Suddha Sattwa Kundu, VP Head, Retail Risk Loss Forecasting, Collections & Fraud Prevention Strategy of HSBC Technology and Services, and Mr Kumar of Jio Center in AI. It was pointed out that the toughest challenge in Machine Learning is data acquisition, and that students tended to prefer projects for which data is available. The other point highlighted was the lack of gender diversity in the community working on ML. It was suggested that student groups like ‘Lean In Tech’ could encourage girls interested in ML/AI to come forward in this arena.

IIT Kharagpur has been using AI extensively for the past few years. A recent survey by SRIC showed as many as 83 of its Faculty use AI in their work. The enthusiasm surrounding AI was palpable in the enormous crowd of close to a thousand students who congregated at the boot camp on October 5, prior to the beginning of the summit . The bootcamp introduced attendant students to theory, implementation and deployment of AI-powered algorithms. The event also featured a Deep Learning Quiz. It was followed by a contest named J.A.R.V.I.S. Chronicles that saw overwhelming participation.

The up.AI summit has led to a larger competition termed up.AI Challenge. Till October 21, students will have time to form teams and present proposals for projects dealing with AI. Under the mentorship of IIT Kharagpur professors, 10 select projects will be incubated during the winter vacation and in a competition to be held in January 2019, the best among them will be awarded. As Professor Sudeshna Sarkar, head CoE for AI, said, “The idea was to have some AI related activity going on at IIT Kharagpur. There is a lot of enthusiasm among the students and events like the up.AI meet will not only encourage students but also inform, shape up and channelize creativity. All this is great for the newly-established CoE for AI.”

Prof. Partha Pratim Chakrabarti, Director, IIT Kharagpur, said, “The talent and interest in AI in IIT KGP, and the support from others is incredible. We need to make it happen more and more. Thanks to Anirban Santara and Team up.AI for organizing the event at IIT KGP. Let’s take this movement forward.”